Membranes - The heart of the MBR Resulting from intensive research, a range of lowhead membrane modules has been developed for application in the water and wastewater treatment industry. The modules utilise a PES membrane formed in a state-of-the-art manner by welding two pieces of membrane to a plastic frame feeding a permeate collector. The plates are assembled in packs complete with framework/casing and immersed into the water or wastewater for direct filtration/sterilisation, or as membrane-bioreactors (MBR). Plate area, pack configuration and resulting dimensions are dependent on flux rates selected for design. In operation, a cross-membrane pressure results from a vacuum providing typical differential in the 50 millibar – 400 millibar range. Cleansing of the surface is provided by air scour from an air blower running on an intermittent basis. Features very energy-efficient due to optimised air scour works with lowest chemical consumption high packing density no tendency for clogging with fibrous substances modular design enables easy adoption to the application robust, durable construction Function of Membranes The membrane filter is a submerged (microfiltration system), where the filter is directly mounted into the raw water. The filtrate is withdrawn using a suction pressure of 0,1 to 0,5 bar that is simply created by the transfer pump. A unique feature of the MembraneSafe™ technology is a cleaning echanism that needs much less energy and still works more efficiently than conventional cleaning systems. By the use of shearing forces that develop from periodically uprising air bubbles and interacting with the membrane through the water pushed away by the air bubbles, the dirt particles are constantly removed from the membrane. The membrane acts as a barrier to all bacteria and virus. Bacteria are removed from the water and are not just inactivated as with UV. This reduces the potential for regrowth of bacteria.